ffserver + ffmpeg + ffpay构建流媒体系统 + RTSP
上一篇博客介绍了如何使用
ffserver + ffmpeg + ffpay
构建一个流媒体系统，使用http协议访问。本篇介绍如何通过RTSP协议访问。
其实上篇中ffmpeg只是循环一个静态的图片生成一个视频，因此看到的是一个不动的画面。
本篇介绍直接使用摄像头捕捉实时的画面以及如何使用本地的视频文件。
配置ffserver
创建/etc/ffserver.conf来配置ffserver，内容如下：
# Port on which the server is listening. You must select a different
# port from your standard HTTP web server if it is running on the same
# computer.
HTTPPort 8090
# Address on which the server is bound. Only useful if you have
# several network interfaces.
HTTPBindAddress 0.0.0.0
# Number of simultaneous HTTP connections that can be handled. It has
# to be defined *before* the MaxClients parameter, since it defines the
# MaxClients maximum limit.
MaxHTTPConnections 2000
# Number of simultaneous requests that can be handled. Since FFServer
# is very fast, it is more likely that you will want to leave this high
# and use MaxBandwidth, below.
MaxClients 1000
# This the maximum amount of kbit/sec that you are prepared to
# consume when streaming to clients.
MaxBandwidth 1000
# Access log file (uses standard Apache log file format)
# '-' is the standard output.
CustomLog –
RTSPPort 7654
##################################################################
# Definition of the live feeds. Each live feed contains one video
# and/or audio sequence coming from an ffmpeg encoder or another
# ffserver. This sequence may be encoded simultaneously with several
# codecs at several resolutions.
<Feed feed1.ffm>
# You must use 'ffmpeg' to send a live feed to ffserver. In this
# example, you can type:
#
# ffmpeg http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm
# ffserver can also do time shifting. It means that it can stream any
# previously recorded live stream. The request should contain:
# "http://xxxx?date=[YYYY-MM-DDT][[HH:]MM:]SS[.m…]".You must specify
# a path where the feed is stored on disk. You also specify the
# maximum size of the feed, where zero means unlimited. Default:
# File=/tmp/feed_name.ffm FileMaxSize=5M
File /tmp/feed1.ffm
FileMaxSize 5M #200K
# You could specify
# ReadOnlyFile /saved/specialvideo.ffm
# This marks the file as readonly and it will not be deleted or updated.
# Specify launch in order to start ffmpeg automatically.
# First ffmpeg must be defined with an appropriate path if needed,
# after that options can follow, but avoid adding the http:// field
#Launch ffmpeg
# Only allow connections from localhost to the feed.
ACL allow 127.0.0.1
</Feed>
##################################################################
# Now you can define each stream which will be generated from the
# original audio and video stream. Each format has a filename (here
# 'test1.mpg'). FFServer will send this stream when answering a
# request containing this filename.
#<Stream test1.mpg>
#
## coming from live feed 'feed1'
#Feed feed1.ffm
#
## Format of the stream : you can choose among:
## mpeg : MPEG-1 multiplexed video and audio
## mpegvideo : only MPEG-1 video
## mp2 : MPEG-2 audio (use AudioCodec to select layer 2 and 3 codec)
## ogg : Ogg format (Vorbis audio codec)
## rm : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Multiplexed audio and video.
## ra : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Audio only.
## mpjpeg : Multipart JPEG (works with Netscape without any plugin)
## jpeg : Generate a single JPEG image.
## mjpeg : Generate a M-JPEG stream.
## asf : ASF compatible streaming (Windows Media Player format).
## swf : Macromedia Flash compatible stream
## avi : AVI format (MPEG-4 video, MPEG audio sound)
#Format mpeg
#
## Bitrate for the audio stream. Codecs usually support only a few
## different bitrates.
##AudioBitRate 32
#
## Number of audio channels: 1 = mono, 2 = stereo
##AudioChannels 1
#
## Sampling frequency for audio. When using low bitrates, you should
## lower this frequency to 22050 or 11025. The supported frequencies
## depend on the selected audio codec.
##AudioSampleRate 44100
#
## Bitrate for the video stream
#VideoBitRate 64
#
## Ratecontrol buffer size
#VideoBufferSize 40
#
## Number of frames per second
#VideoFrameRate 3
#
## Size of the video frame: WxH (default: 160×128)
## The following abbreviations are defined: sqcif, qcif, cif, 4cif, qqvga,
## qvga, vga, svga, xga, uxga, qxga, sxga, qsxga, hsxga, wvga, wxga, wsxga,
## wuxga, woxga, wqsxga, wquxga, whsxga, whuxga, cga, ega, hd480, hd720,
## hd1080
#VideoSize 160×128
#
## Transmit only intra frames (useful for low bitrates, but kills frame rate).
##VideoIntraOnly
#
## If non-intra only, an intra frame is transmitted every VideoGopSize
## frames. Video synchronization can only begin at an intra frame.
#VideoGopSize 12
#
## More MPEG-4 parameters
## VideoHighQuality
## Video4MotionVector
#
## Choose your codecs:
##AudioCodec mp2
##VideoCodec mpeg1video
#
## Suppress audio
#NoAudio
#
## Suppress video
##NoVideo
#
##VideoQMin 3
##VideoQMax 31
#
## Set this to the number of seconds backwards in time to start. Note that
## most players will buffer 5-10 seconds of video, and also you need to allow
## for a keyframe to appear in the data stream.
##Preroll 15
#
## ACL:
#
## You can allow ranges of addresses (or single addresses)
##ACL ALLOW <first address> <last address>
#
## You can deny ranges of addresses (or single addresses)
##ACL DENY <first address> <last address>
#
## You can repeat the ACL allow/deny as often as you like. It is on a per
## stream basis. The first match defines the action. If there are no matches,
## then the default is the inverse of the last ACL statement.
##
## Thus 'ACL allow localhost' only allows access from localhost.
## 'ACL deny 1.0.0.0 1.255.255.255' would deny the whole of network 1 and
## allow everybody else.
#
#</Stream>
#
##################################################################
# Example streams
# Multipart JPEG
#<Stream test.mjpg>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format mpjpeg
#VideoFrameRate 2
#VideoIntraOnly
#NoAudio
#Strict -1
#</Stream>
# Single JPEG
#<Stream test.jpg>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format jpeg
#VideoFrameRate 2
#VideoIntraOnly
##VideoSize 352×240
#NoAudio
#Strict -1
#</Stream>
<Stream myrtsp>
#Format mpeg
Format rtp
File "/home/xx/medias/tom-jerry.mp4"
AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
</Stream>
<Stream myflv>
Format flv
File "/home/xx/medias/tom-jerry.mp4"
VideoCodec libx264
VideoFrameRate 30
AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
</Stream>
# Flash
#<Stream test.swf>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format swf
#VideoFrameRate 2
#VideoIntraOnly
#NoAudio
#</Stream>
# ASF compatible
<Stream test.asf>
Feed feed1.ffm
Format asf
VideoFrameRate 15
VideoSize 352×240
VideoBitRate 256
VideoBufferSize 40
VideoGopSize 30
#AudioBitRate 64
StartSendOnKey
NoAudio
</Stream>
# MP3 audio
#<Stream test.mp3>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format mp2
#AudioCodec mp3
#AudioBitRate 64
#AudioChannels 1
#AudioSampleRate 44100
#NoVideo
#</Stream>
# Ogg Vorbis audio
#<Stream test.ogg>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Metadata title "Stream title"
#AudioBitRate 64
#AudioChannels 2
#AudioSampleRate 44100
#NoVideo
#</Stream>
# Real with audio only at 32 kbits
#<Stream test.ra>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format rm
#AudioBitRate 32
#NoVideo
#NoAudio
#</Stream>
# Real with audio and video at 64 kbits
#<Stream test.rm>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format rm
#AudioBitRate 32
#VideoBitRate 128
#VideoFrameRate 25
#VideoGopSize 25
#NoAudio
#</Stream>
##################################################################
# A stream coming from a file: you only need to set the input
# filename and optionally a new format. Supported conversions:
# AVI -> ASF
#<Stream file.rm>
#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/tlive.rm"
#NoAudio
#</Stream>
#<Stream file.asf>
#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test.asf"
#NoAudio
#Metadata author "Me"
#Metadata copyright "Super MegaCorp"
#Metadata title "Test stream from disk"
#Metadata comment "Test comment"
#</Stream>
##################################################################
# RTSP examples
#
# You can access this stream with the RTSP URL:
# rtsp://localhost:5454/test1-rtsp.mpg
#
# A non-standard RTSP redirector is also created. Its URL is:
# http://localhost:8090/test1-rtsp.rtsp
#<Stream test1-rtsp.mpg>
#Format rtp
#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg"
#</Stream>
# Transcode an incoming live feed to another live feed,
# using libx264 and video presets
<Stream live.h264>
Format rtp
Feed feed1.ffm
VideoCodec libx264
VideoFrameRate 24
VideoBitRate 100
VideoSize 480×272
NoAudio
#AVPresetVideo default
#AVPresetVideo baseline
#AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
#
#AudioCodec libfaac
#AudioBitRate 32
#AudioChannels 2
#AudioSampleRate 22050
#AVOptionAudio flags +global_header
</Stream>
##################################################################
# SDP/multicast examples
#
# If you want to send your stream in multicast, you must set the
# multicast address with MulticastAddress. The port and the TTL can
# also be set.
#
# An SDP file is automatically generated by ffserver by adding the
# 'sdp' extension to the stream name (here
# http://localhost:8090/test1-sdp.sdp). You should usually give this
# file to your player to play the stream.
#
# The 'NoLoop' option can be used to avoid looping when the stream is
# terminated.
#<Stream test1-sdp.mpg>
#Format rtp
#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg"
#MulticastAddress 224.124.0.1
#MulticastPort 5000
#MulticastTTL 16
#NoLoop
#</Stream>
##################################################################
# Special streams
# Server status
<Stream stat.html>
Format status
# Only allow local people to get the status
ACL allow localhost
ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
#FaviconURL http://pond1.gladstonefamily.net:8080/favicon.ico
</Stream>
# Redirect index.html to the appropriate site
<Redirect index.html>
URL http://www.ffmpeg.org/
</Redirect>
1. 这里面定义了2个视频源，
一个feed1.ffm，
<Feed feed1.ffm>
…..
</Feed>
一个静态的本地视频文件
<Stream myrtsp>
#Format mpeg
Format rtp
File "/home/xx/medias/tom-jerry.mp4"
AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
</Stream>
2. 如果要使用RTSP，必须定义RTSP的端口：
RTSPPort 7654
ffmpeg上传视频流
ffmpeg -i /dev/video0 -r 25 -vcodec libx264 http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm
这里上传视频是通过http协议。/dev/video0为我的linux的摄像头，使用时替换为你对应的输入设备。
ffplay观看视频
想通过RTSP观看已经存在与服务器的视频：
ffplay rtsp://localhost:7654/myrtsp
想通过RTSP观看摄像头的实时视频：
ffplay rtsp://localhost:7654/live.h264
版权所有，禁止转载. 如需转载，请先征得博主的同意，并且表明文章转载自:IT夜班车，否则按侵权处理.
