Linux命令之tar详解

Linux命令之tar详解

 

tar是Linux的内置命令,所以这个工具在安装完linux系统就有了。他是用来管理压缩包,可以

  • 生成压缩包
  • 解开压缩包
  • 查看压缩包的内容

 

下面就解释用tar来完成这3个功能,并且给出例子

tar命令的选项有:

       -A, –catenate, –concatenate
              append tar files to an archive

       -c, –create
              create a new archive

       -d, –diff, –compare
              find differences between archive and file system

       –delete
              delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)

       -r, –append
              append files to the end of an archive

       -t, –list
              list the contents of an archive

       –test-label
              test the archive volume label and exit

       -u, –update
              only append files newer than copy in archive

       -x, –extract, –get
              extract files from an archive

       -C, –directory=DIR
              change to directory DIR

       -f, –file=ARCHIVE
              use archive file or device ARCHIVE

       -j, –bzip2
              filter the archive through bzip2

        -J, –xz
              filter the archive through xz

       -p, –preserve-permissions
              extract  information  about  file permissions (default for superuser)

       -v, –verbose
              verbosely list files processed

       -z, –gzip

       –check-device
              check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default)

       -g, –listed-incremental=FILE
              handle new GNU-format incremental backup

       -G, –incremental
              handle old GNU-format incremental backup

       –ignore-failed-read
              do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files

       –level=NUMBER
              dump level for created listed-incremental archive

       -n, –seek
              archive is seekable

       –no-check-device
              do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives

       –no-seek
              archive is not seekable

       –occurrence[=NUMBER]
              process  only  the NUMBERth occurrence of each file in the archive; this option is valid only in conjunction with one of the subcommands –delete, –diff, –extract or –list and when a list of files
              is given either on the command line or via the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1

       –sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]
              set version of the sparse format to use (implies –sparse)

       -S, –sparse
              handle spars

Overwrite control:
       -k, –keep-old-files
              don’t replace existing files when extracting, treat them as errors

       –skip-old-files
              don’t replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them

       –keep-newer-files
              don’t replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies

       –no-overwrite-dir
              preserve metadata of existing directories

       –overwrite

      –overwrite-dir
              overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default)

       –recursive-unlink
              empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory

       –remove-files
              remove files after adding them to the archive

       -U, –unlink-first
              remove each file prior to extracting over it

       -W, –verify
              attempt to verify the archive after writing it

Select output stream:
       –ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children

       –no-ignore-command-error
              treat non-zero exit codes of children as error

       -O, –to-stdout
              extract files to standard output

       –to-command=COMMAND
              pipe extracted files to another program

              Handling of file attributes:

       –acls Save the ACLs to the archive

       –atime-preserve[=METHOD]
              preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times after reading (METHOD=’replace’; default) or by not setting the times in the first place (METHOD=’system’)

       –delay-directory-restore
              delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories until the end of extraction

       –group=NAME
              force NAME as group for added files

       –mode=CHANGES
              force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files

       –mtime=DATE-OR-FILE
              set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE

       -m, –touch
              don’t extract file modified time

e files efficiently

Overwrite control:
       -k, –keep-old-files
              don’t replace existing files when extracting, treat them as errors

       –skip-old-files
              don’t replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them

       –keep-newer-files
              don’t replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies

       –no-overwrite-dir
              preserve metadata of existing directories

       –overwrite

      –overwrite-dir
              overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default)

       –recursive-unlink
              empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory

       –remove-files
              remove files after adding them to the archive

       -U, –unlink-first
              remove each file prior to extracting over it

       -W, –verify
              attempt to verify the archive after writing it

Select output stream:
       –ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children

       –no-ignore-command-error
              treat non-zero exit codes of children as error

       -O, –to-stdout
              extract files to standard output

       –to-command=COMMAND
              pipe extracted files to another program

              Handling of file attributes:

       –acls Save the ACLs to the archive

       –atime-preserve[=METHOD]
              preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times after reading (METHOD=’replace’; default) or by not setting the times in the first place (METHOD=’system’)

       –delay-directory-restore
              delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories until the end of extraction

       –group=NAME
              force NAME as group for added files

       –mode=CHANGES
              force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files

       –mtime=DATE-OR-FILE
              set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE

       -m, –touch
              don’t extract file modified time

我们重点说几个

-c 是创建压缩包

-x 是解压压缩包

-v 是给出详细信息

-f 表示是压缩文档, 这个选项是上面的列出的3个功能必须加的。

-j 表示要处理的是bzip2

-g 表示要处理的是gzip

-r 在压缩文档添加内容

-d 用来比较2个压缩文档

 

创建压缩文档

c和f选项是必须的,v可以没有,v是用来列出压缩文档添加的内容

如果加j表示bzip2格式

tar -cvf xxx.tar.gz file1 file2 dir1 dir2

tar -cvfj xxx.tar.bz2 file1 file2 dir1 dir2

 

解压缩文档

x和f是必须的

tar -xvf xxx.tar.gz

tar -jxvf xxx.tar.bz2

 

列出压缩文档内容

t和f是必须的

tar -tvf xxx.tar.gz

 

 

 

 

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